The scorching heat across Indonesia in November 2025 has become a major public concern. Temperatures feel much higher than average this year. This condition is not caused by ordinary seasonal changes alone. It results from a combination of atmospheric and astronomical processes.
This article explains the main causes of the current extreme heat in detail. It also discusses weather predictions and differences from a typical heatwave.
Main Cause: The Sun’s Apparent Motion and the Southern Hemisphere Position
One main cause of the prolonged high temperatures is the sun’s apparent motion. This phenomenon makes areas south of the equator receive more direct sunlight.
When the sun moves south of the equator, regions such as Java, Nusa Tenggara, southern Kalimantan, and Papua are exposed to sunlight at a more direct and intense angle for a longer duration each day.
In addition, the dry easterly winds, also known as the Australian Monsoon, bring hot and dry air masses from the continent of Australia to Indonesia. This results in less cloud formation, allowing solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface without much obstruction. The combination of strong sunlight and minimal cloud cover has intensified and prolonged the extreme heat across the archipelago.
BMKG Predicts the Heat Will Continue Until Early November 2025
Indonesia’s Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) has warned that this extreme heat is not a short-lived event. According to their forecast, the hot weather is expected to persist until early November 2025.
Unlike a typical dry season, this period is characterized by both higher temperatures and longer duration. BMKG has recorded maximum daily temperatures in several regions exceeding 35 °C, with some areas reaching up to 37.6 °C.
Due to the dominance of dry air masses, minimal cloud development, and high solar radiation, these extreme conditions are likely to continue for several more weeks. The public is advised to remain cautious by avoiding outdoor activities during peak hours and maintaining proper hydration to prevent heat-related illnesses.
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The Difference Between This Phenomenon and a Heatwave
Although they may seem similar, the current extreme heat is not the same as a heatwave. A heatwave is typically defined as a sudden and significant rise in temperature over a short period, often accompanied by high humidity and hot nights.
In contrast, Indonesia’s current condition is astronomically driven and persistent—influenced by the sun’s apparent motion, prolonged dry air flow, and low humidity. The skies remain mostly clear, with little cloud cover, allowing direct solar radiation to continuously heat the Earth’s surface.
Therefore, this situation requires different responses: not just coping with sudden temperature spikes but adapting to prolonged extreme heat that affects daily activities, energy use, and public health.
Conclusion
The extreme heat sweeping across Indonesia until early November 2025 serves as a reminder that weather fluctuations are complex and often involve multiple natural factors—not merely a heatwave. Understanding the sun’s apparent motion, dry wind circulation, and reduced cloud cover helps us better anticipate and mitigate its impact.
Communities, government institutions, and industries must collaborate to strengthen early warning systems. They should also promote awareness and encourage lifestyle adaptations for extreme weather. By doing so, Indonesia can not only endure this current episode but also build resilience against future climate extremes.
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